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A Psychiatric advance directive (PAD), also known as a mental health advance directive, is a written document that describes what a person wants to happen if at some time in the future they are judged to be suffering from a mental disorder in such a way that they are deemed unable to decide for themselves or to communicate effectively. It can inform others about what treatment they want or don't want from psychiatrists or other mental health professionals, and it can identify a person to whom they have given the authority to make decisions on their behalf. A mental health advance directive is one kind of Advance health care directive. ==Legal foundations== Psychiatric advance directives are legal documents used by persons currently enjoying legal capacity to declare their preferences and instructions for future mental health treatment, or to appoint a surrogate decision maker through Health Care Power of Attorney (HCPA), in advance of being targeted by coercive mental health laws, during which they may be stripped of legal capacity to make decisions.〔"Advance Directives for Mental Health Treatment" Debra S. Srebnik and John Q. La Fond Psychiatric Services, Volume 50, Number 7: 919 - 925, July 1999〕 In the United States, although 25 states have now passed legislation in the past decade establishing authority for PADs, there is relatively little public information available to address growing interest in these legal documents.〔"Law and Psychiatry: Psychiatric Advance Directives and the Treatment of Committed Patients" Paul S. Appelbaum, Psychiatric Services, Volume 55, Number 7: 751 - 763, July 2004〕 In addition in states without explicit PAD statutes, very similar mental health advance care planning can and does take place under generic HCPA statutes—expanding the audience for PADs to all 50 states (see (National Resource Center on Psychiatric Advance Directives )). In addition to recognizing the potential benefits of PADs, states are beginning to recognize legal obligations under the federal Patient Self-Determination Act of 1991, which includes informing all hospital patients that they have a right to prepare advance directives and — with certain caveats — that clinicians are obliged to follow these directive. As such, federal law helps ensure that people labeled as having mental illness can use medical advance directives to specify mental health treatment preferences or assign proxy decision-makers for mental health decisions. Finally, the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) requires behavioral health facilities to ask patients if they have PADs. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services announced that patients have the right to formulate advance directives and to have hospital staff and practitioners who provide coercive interventions in the hospital comply with these directives. Hospitals out of compliance risk loss of Medicare and Medicaid revenue. While there are legal reasons to provide good crisis planning using PADs, the clinical reasons are equally compelling. If followed by treatment providers, crisis planning using PADs will help involuntary detainees gain control over being targeted for substituted decision making — especially during times when they are labeled incompetent. Health care agents will be instrumental in providing inpatient clinicians with information that can be central to patients’ treatment, including history of side effects and relevant medical conditions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Psychiatric advance directive」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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